TMG Research and the Robert Bosch Stiftung explore how the global drive for net-zero emissions is reshaping land use worldwide. As voluntary carbon markets surge, now covering nearly 24 million hectares - roughly the entire land area of the United Kingdom - land-based carbon projects are adding new pressures to already contested landscapes. With expert insights from organisations at the forefront of this debate, this publication examines the complex interplay between carbon markets, land governance, and community rights. It calls for climate action rooted in secure land tenure and inclusive decision-making.